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Make Your Greeting Look Good

Using CSS to Style Your Web Page.

We know HTML displays content to the webpage and JavaScript makes the content interactive, so what about CSS? CSS is also not a true programming language but a stylesheet. In fact, CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. Instead of displaying content, it takes the existing content in HTML and changes its appearance.

One Last Bit of HTML

Before we go into the format of CSS, we’re going to introduce one last tag so that we can use it. So, if you open the same file we’ve worked on with the HTML and JavaScript tutorials into Notepad, VS Code, or your choice of IDE. Between the </title> and the end </head> tag, we’re going to add the tag <style> and </style>. Any CSS we write will be written between these tags.

Also, within the <h1> tag, we’re going to add one more attribute. So just like we did with the id attribute, add ‘class=“title”’. This is just additional set up for CSS.

CSS Format

All CSS is written in this general format: selector { format:setting;}. For ease of reading, it’s usually separated into lines as follows:

The selector is either the HTML tag or class or id attribute that you are trying to format. The HTML tag is just written plain without any other symbol. (i.e. the <body> tag would be typed as body in CSS), classes are preceded by a period, and ids are preceded by a pound sign. Please note that any selector you use, all items with the same selector will be given the same properties.

Changing Background Color

To change the background color, we just need to indicate the <body> tag in CSS and have it change the background color. We’re going to just use plain text colors, but when changing the color, you can use plain text, hexadecimal code, or RBG (or RBGa) codes to indicate the color. Using the latter two will give you a wide range of colors, but for now, we’ll stick with plain text.

So within the <style> tags, type the following below:

When you save this file and open the file within your browser, it should appear like this.

Formatting Text

You can actually add as many styles to a selector as you want. So for the text, we’re going to show a few settings in one selector. We could call the <h1> tag by its name or its ID (selector: #title), but for the purposes of this tutorial, we’re going to call it by its class name. (selector: .title)

So, underneath the CSS for the body tag, we’ll add the following code:

So, how should we design our text. How about we center it first? The text-align function let’s you align the text either to the left (by default if not used), center or right. You can also justify the text so it aligns with both the left and right ends of its container. Since we want it centered, within the brackets, we’ll add the line “text-align: center;”.

Don’t like the title in black? Not a problem. Just like we changed the background color earlier, we can change the color of the font simply by using the “color” style. So within the same bracket, we’ll add the line “color: red;” (or any color you choose).

What if you don’t like the font style? You can change that using “font-family”. There are 5 generic families (serif, sans-serif, monospace, cursive, and fantasy) with a handful of default fonts. There are actually several thousand fonts available, but you have to link those font’s libraries which is out of scope here, so for now, we’ll just use the Arial font, which is a sans-serif font. You have to list both in case the user’s browser cannot display Arial. So the line we’ll add is labelled “font-family: Arial, sans-serif;”.

The text seems kind of small, doesn’t it? Perhaps we should bold it? To bold it we just need to add a font-weight. Font weight is used because we can actually use it to adjust how thick the letters get. For now, we’re just going to use the line “font-weight: bold;”

Still not quite big enough? Maybe we should adjust the size of the text. In this case, we would use font-size. Let’s try setting the font size to 50 pixels. So the line would read “font-size: 50px;”.

At this point, this is what your code should look like in full:

Understand how it all works together now?

And here is what your page looks like now, well, unless you decided to play around with a few things on your own, which I highly encourage you to.

Wow, it looks…a little less bland at least.

So, do you understand how the three languages work together? HTML posts the content to the page, JavaScript is for making the content interactive, and CSS is used to make the content look “pretty”. There is a lot more to all three languages out there, so I recommend some resources to learn more as well as for reference when you need to remind yourself how to do things.

Bootcamps (Free)

There are a number of bootcamps out there, but if you don’t want to shell out the money, there are two that are free to use. It’s actually recommended to do one, and then the other as a refresher.

YouTube Channels

YouTube is a good way to look up tutorials on what you want to do. There are videos ranging from a basic beginner tutorial on each language, plus tutorials that teach you how to perform specific tasks (i.e. building a blog).

However, I recommend these specific channels:

References

However, at some point, you’re going to be past the tutorials and YouTube videos take a long time to listen to. You just need a quick place to refer to when you’re stuck, right? Sometimes, it’s best to skip the tutorials altogether and just learn to use these references as you try to get the code to do what you want.

You don’t even have to learn everything about each language. A little secret: no one knows everything about each language. Most coders of any language at least have a tab open to Stack Overflow for quick reference, even HTML!

I would challenge you to mess around with the current page we worked on and ignore the tutorials and bootcamps. Only use the reference websites to fall back on to learn more as you need it.

Now, that you know how the three main languages for web development, you’re equipped to learn the rest on your own. You have a solid starting base for what to do. I recommend you focus on HTML and CSS before doing JavaScript. It will take you a while, but nothing worth doing is ever easy.

Sloped Roof Installation Contractors Near Me North Shore

Make Your Greeting Look Good

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